Roman Architecture Architecture And Structure - 1753 Words

Alecia Alexander Professor Ellin Iselin 419560 2010 Jun 09 Roman Architecture and Structure Roman architecture followed the heritage of earlier Greek architects. The Romans had respect for the Greek s architectural traditions, order, and design. The Romans were innovators that had the adaptability to use and improve existing techniques as well as new and existing material to create some of the most famous architectural structures like the temple, triumphal arch, and amphitheater. As time advanced so did the society needs of the Romans and with the support of state funds they were able to create great architectural structures many of which are still present today. The Romans followed the classical orders established by the Greeks but also†¦show more content†¦You can see this for example on the front of the Pantheon where its columns remain attached to the building even though they can be removed. Another great example of how the Romans wanted the structures to have a traditional feel is on the walls of the Colosseum, were the columns are attached to the walls and floors as decoration. You can also recognize the Greek influence on Roman architecture in buildings such as the Roman baths, where the first evidenced bath was located in Magna Garcia established by the Greek colonies. During the Augustan period there was a outpouring of new buildings that included the use of finer materials like marble. The buildings also advanced in design and size. In that time Roman buildings were considered strong and superior to any other architectural structure across the Empire. The Romans were able to take ideas such as bath structures, arches, and domes, push them to their fullest potential in design. Soon the Romans had major influence on craftsmen who integrated Roman architectural ideas and their use of materials. The Romans were known for their innovative use of materials and techniques. Marble was popular and considered the preferred stone to use in building projects. Taking into account how high transportation cost were during that time,

Financial Development Of The Indian Finance Industry

Money related Industry is the foundation of a present day economy. Soundness of Financial industry is a standout amongst the most essential pre-conditions for managed monetary advance of any nation. The universe of Finance has accepted another measurement at the beginning of the 21st century with the coming of innovation, in this manner loaning the business a stamp of comprehensiveness. By and large, Financing might be delegated retail and corporate Financing. Retail Financing, which is intended to meet the necessity of individual client and energize their investment funds, incorporates installment of service bills, customer advances, Visas, financial records equalizations, ATMs, exchanging reserves amongst records and so forth. Corporate financing, then again, obliges the requirements of corporate clients like bills marking down, opening letters of credit and overseeing money. The Indian Finance Industry scene has changed radically with the private division making in street in a zone heretofore commanded by expansive open area Finance Corporations. Developing disinvestment is probably going to affect the money related industry also. There is each plausibility of privatization of open division Finance Corporations, prompting to more prominent operational self-governance. The improvement of the Indian budgetary segment has been joined by the presentation of new standards, for example, Income Recognition and Capital Adequacy, by the administration. The last suggests thatShow MoreRelatedThe History of Micro-Credit as a Means for Development of Poor Nations1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Indian population lacks opportunities such as financial resources and the ability to get jobs. They are stuck in an endless cycle with no opportunities for people to lift themselves out of poverty. 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George Elton Mayo Essay Example For Students

George Elton Mayo Essay Elton Mayo was born in Adelaide, South Australia on 26 December 1880 and died in Guildford, Surrey on 1 September 1949. He was the second child of a respected colonial family; his father was a civil engineer, and his mother Henrietta Mary nee Donaldson was devoted to her childrens education and success. Elton was expected to follow his grandfather into medicine, but failed at university studies and was sent to Britain. Here he turned to writing, wrote on Australian politics for the Pall Mall Gazette and taught at the Working Mens College in London. He then returned to Australia to work in an Adelaide publishing business where his radical management practices were not appreciated. He returned to university and became the most brilliant student of the philosopher Sir William Mitchell, won prizes for scholarship and in 1912 was appointed a foundation lecturer in philosophy and education at the newly established university in Queensland. Here he married Dorothea McConnel, who had been ed ucated in landscape art at the Sorbonne and frequently visited Europe. They had two daughters, Patricia Elton Mayo, who would follow her fathers management thinking and had an interesting sociological career, and Ruth, who became a British artist and novelist and took the name Gael Elton Mayo. Mayo taught philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, economics, education and the new psychology of Freud, Jung and especially Pierre Janet. From the beginning he trained himself in public speaking, and became an outstanding lecturer. He spoke at Workers Education Association classes and tutorials, and addressed unions and professional bodies. He much impressed Bronislaw Malinowski when they met in 1914, and they became good friends. During the First World War he served on government bodies, advised on the organization of work for the war effort, wrote and lectured on industrial and political psychology and psychoanalysis, and contributed a lively piece (Mayo and Booth 1916) to Lady Galways Belgium Book. He was made a professor of philosophy in his universitys reorganization after the war. With a young Brisbane doctor, Thomas R.H. Matthewson, who had sought advice on the management of patients suffering war neurosis, Mayo refined his clinical skills in psychotherapy. He began to apply his ob servations on Matthewsons patients, and the ideas of the new psychology to political and industrial problems and political agitators (Trahair 1981, 1982). He felt he could trace societys ills to psychological causes (Bourke 1982). Mayo applied unsuccessfully for a directorship of adult education at the University of Melbourne, and went there to lecture on psychoanalysis before taking sabbatical leave to Britain in 1922. He intended to visit the United States on his way to the UK to work with a medical scholar at Oxford. However, from the moment he landed in San Francisco he was sought as a speaker on many social psychological topics, attracted the attention of industrialists and industrial psychologists for his thoughts on psychological causes of industrial unrest, and readily explained Americas industrial problems by reference to understandable irrationalities among workers, the poor skills of managers and the inhuman conditions of work that made for an insane society (Mayo 1919, 1922a, 1922b). When his university refused to extend Mayos unpaid sabbatical leave, it forced his resignation. Destitute in the United States, he vigorously sought help from those who had led him to believe there was support readily available for his ideas and industrial research plans. Unexpectedly, he was promised an income for six months by the philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, and given a temporary post at the University of Pennsylvania in 1923. There he researched the value of rest pauses on worker productivity in various textile firms. In one study he introduced regular pauses from the back-breaking work in a cotton-spinning mill and saw improvements in worker productivity. The practice was assiduously opposed by the foremen who, when Mayo was absent from the plant, returned workers to past practices. The effect of their intervention was a dramatic fall in productivity, thus illustrating the effectiveness of Mayos rest pauses. Mayo drew attention to this quasi-experiment to support his view on the value of treating employees humanely. Using these data, and the psychological and sociological ideas in his Democracy and Freedom and related papers (Mayo 1919, 1922a, 1922b), and his remarkable

Meditation †Its Physical and Neurological Effects an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Meditation – Its Physical and Neurological Effects Introduction Need essay sample on "Meditation Its Physical and Neurological Effects" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Meditation has been a popular holistic approach in the Eastern part of the world. It has been gaining popularity in the Western hemisphere not only because it is considered a good alleviator of stress but also because of its alleged healing effects on different illnesses. The east and western cultures differ in their beliefs on healing. Proponents of western medicine regard the body as a mechanical machine. When one is sick, a Western doctor shall try to analyze which part of the human body is not functioning properly and from there start to find what needs to be repaired. Oriental medicine, to which meditation belongs to, assumes that a sickness is a symptom of an imbalance within the individual. It takes into account the psychological and emotional to understand the physiological problem. It assumes a preventive approach instead of the Western's more aggressive views. More and more westerners are apt to believe their oriental counterparts through the countless cases proving the benefits of meditation. However, it is assumed that science can pave the way to prove that meditation really does have positive effects on the neurological and physiological aspects of man. Therefore, it is the aim of this paper to gather enough evidence to affirm the benefits of meditation. Definition of Meditation Meditation is a technique that frees the mind from distractions and allows for communication with the Master Within, and this can lead to numerous physical, mental and spiritual benefits. (Young, 2005, p. 89). It is a certain level of consciousness that according to some studies, can affect the physiological and neurological functions of the brain. Students Usually Tell EssayLab support: I'm don't want to write my paper. Because I don't have the time Professional writers advise: Don't Waste Your Time Essay Helper Website College Essay Writing Service Cheap Essay Writing 24 Essay Writing Service Effects of Meditation According to a study of Robert Keith Wallace (1970), oxygen consumption, heart rate, skin resistance, and electroencephalograph measurements were recorded before, during, and after subjects practiced a technique called transcendental meditation. The results showed that while being in the state of meditation, the subjects had higher oxygen consumption and skin resistance. It also proved that meditation can reduce heart rate and there were specific changes in certain frequencies. Oxygen consumption is important because it is what regulates our energy or endurance. Skin resistance pertains to the activity of the sweat glands. This proves that even if one is meditating, the body is still very active. This study has led to many other scholarly investigations on what meditation can actually do to the body. In 2002, another study on the alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation was done using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). It entails the participants to focus on their breathing, their feelings, thoughts and the things that they feel using meditation approaches like yoga, sitting, walking and eating, speaking and listening. (Center for Mindfulness, 2007) The researchers found significant increases in antibody titers to influenza vaccine among subjects in the meditation compared with those in the wait-list control group; the magnitude of increase in left-sided activation predicted the magnitude of antibody titer rise to the vaccine. (Davidson, et.al. 2002) Antibody titers usually refer to the amount of medicine or antibodies found in a patient's blood. (Greco 2005) Therefore, the study shows that during meditation, the body is able to increase its defense against an illness such as influenza. Back in the year 2000, scientists ran a study on the effect of meditation on cancerous patients. They defined the eligibility of who can participate and randomly grouped these into immediate treatment condition or a wait-list control condition. The first group was asked to do weekly meditations for about 90 minutes for seven weeks. They were also asked to do it at home. Patients in the treatment group had significantly lower scores on Total Mood Disturbance and subscales of Depression, Anxiety, Anger, and Confusion and more Vigor than control subjects. (Speca, 2000) The treatment group also revealed less indications of stress, lower instances of Cardiopulmonary and Gastrointestinal symptoms; decrease in emotional irritability, depression, and cognitive disorganization; and lower happenings of Habitual Patterns of stress. This simply shows that meditation can be very helpful to people with clinical depression and other psychological imbalances. With the help of meditation, the body is able to relax and think coherently. This then, alleviates stress and lessens the chance for patients to become irritable and depressed. Another similar study was done by some of the scientists of this previous research by 2003 which investigated the effect of meditation on breast and prostate cancer afflicted individuals. The researched concluded that MBSR participation or meditation was associated with enhanced quality of life and decreased stress symptoms in breast and prostate cancer patients. (Carlson, et.al. 2003) This is the first investigation that revealed how MBSR can actually affect a very dreaded disease such as cancer. It shows that meditation can change cytokine production associated with program participation. Cytokines are small protein released by cells that has a specific effect on the interactions between cells, on communications between cells or on the behavior of cells. (Definition of Cytokine, 2007) The cytokines can start inflammation and respond to infections. These are considered natural-killer cells which are known to attack bacteria and cancer cells. This study also showed that MBSR can improve the length of sleep which is a primary problem with cancer patients. The researchers were informed that 40% of patients complained about insomnia before the study was conducted. MBSR was able to add at least a half hour of additional sleep by the end of the program. Aside from the studies on how meditation can affect the bodys problems with influenza, stress and breast or prostate cancer, a trial study has also been conducted on its effect on insulin which is the primary cause of diabetes. The Archives of Internal Medicine released a report back in June 12, 2006 that implied that transcendental meditation can improve blood pressure and insulin resistance which are beneficial to those with coronary heart disease (CHD). Although the researchers feel that the findings are still premature because of the sample size they used, it is already a step towards another positive effect of meditation that could help mankind be alleviated of common sicknesses. The participants who had Coronary Heart Disease were made to do transcendental meditation for 16 weeks. The researchers found these participants to have improved their blood pressure and insulin resistance. The results also suggest that meditation may modulate the physiological response to stress and improve CHD risk factors, which may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CHD. (Barclay and Lie, 2006) According to the article, other national institutions who have been studying the effects of meditation on human physiology also supported this study. These are the National Center for Alternative and Complementary Medicine, National Institutes of Health; and a General Clinical Research Centers grant from the National Center for Research Resources. Studies have also shown that transcendental meditation can help smokers and alcoholics. A statistical meta-analysis of 198 independent treatment outcomes found that the Transcendental Meditation program produced a significantly larger reduction in tobacco, alcohol, and non-prescribed drug use than standard substance abuse treatments and standard prevention programs. (Maharishi University of Management, 1994) It was also found that transcendental meditation helped patients increase their strength against their addictions when used for twenty-two months. This is much higher than the effect of conventional programs that have its effects for an approximate three month period. Conclusion Meditation is effective in relieving the body of stress and has its positive effects on mans physiological and neurological system. It not only boosts our immune system but it can also help people with depression, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and even cancer. Meditation is a very safe way to help the human body overcome stress and other diseases that have claimed the lives of many. It is one of the best ways to have better health and achieve a longer life. References Barclay, L. Carlson, L.E., Speca, M.., Patel, K.D., Goodey, E. (2003). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Relation to Quality of Life, Mood, Symptoms of Stress, and Immune Parameters in Breast and Prostate Cancer Outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine 65:571581. Center for Mindfulness. (2007). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: An Integrated 8-Week Program for Cultivating the Inner Resources of Compassion and Disciplined Presence. Davidson, R.J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S.F., et.al. (2002). Alterations in Brain and Immune Function